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When it comes to tasks that we're more familiar with like problem solving and coming up with creative ideas and strategies or new products and businesses, the power of cognitive diversity is even more profound and perhaps a good way to make the point.
当涉及到我们更熟悉的任务时,如解决问题和提出创造性的想法和战略或新产品和业务时,认知多样性的力量甚至更加深刻,也许是说明问题的好方法。
Conceptually is to imagine you're putting together a group of ten people in the team to come up with creative ideas to do the next big thing in your business or organization. And let's also assume that this is a talented group of people each of whom comes up with ten genuinely youthful ideas.
从概念上讲,就是想象你把团队中的十个人放在一起,想出一些创造性的想法,在你的企业或组织中做下一件大事。让我们也假设这是一群有才华的人,他们每个人都能想出十个真正年轻的想法。
So ten people in the team each of whom is coming up with ten useful ideas how many useful ideas do you have in total.
那么,团队中的十个人,每个人都提出了十个有用的想法,你们总共有多少个有用的想法。
This is a slightly trick question because you think one would think a hundred ten people ten ideas each but if they're cognitively homogeneous if they think in the same way and they come up with the same ten ideas you only have tent overall.
这是一个略带欺骗性的问题,因为你认为有人会认为一百个人每人有十个想法,但如果他们在认知上是同质的,如果他们以同样的方式思考,并且他们提出同样的十个想法,那么你总体上只有一个结论。
If on the other hand they are cognitively diverse and come up with different ideas from one another, you can have a hundred useful ideas.
如果在另一方面,他们在认知上是多样化的,并提出了彼此不同的想法,你就可以有一百个有用的想法。
in the space of innovation which is going to dominate the future of our economy our political institutions and more engineering. Cognitive diversity relative to the context you get this massive uplift in what i call collective intelligence.
在创新的空间里,这将主导我们的经济、政治机构和更多工程的未来。相对于背景的认知多样性,你会得到这种大规模的提升,我称之为集体智慧。
And the tragedy is two things. one a psychological point we are attracted unconsciously to people who think like us.when people are mirroring our perspective back to us,it makes us feel smarter,it validates our worldview.
悲剧有两点。一个是心理上的问题,我们会不自觉地被那些和我们想法一样的人吸引。当人们把我们的观点反馈给我们时,我们就会觉得自己更聪明,这就验证了我们的世界观。
The pleasure centers of our brains light up in brain scanners, when people are telling us things we already suspect or believe or confirm our prejudices.
当人们告诉我们我们已经怀疑或相信的事情或证实我们的偏见时,我们大脑中心的愉悦在大脑扫描仪中亮起。
And can you see the problem? When it's a simple task that's fine. Anyone person has a solution you surround yourself and like minded others. You are able to deliver the solution,but as the complexity increases and no one brain is sufficient to solve the problem.
你能看到问题所在吗?当它是一个简单的任务时,那就好办了。每个人都有解决办法,你要围绕自己和志同道合的人。你能够提供解决方案,但随着复杂性的增加,没有一个人的大脑足以解决这个问题。
When you're attracted to people who think in the same way, you're getting no uplift at all in collective intelligence and by mirroring each other's perspectives you become more confident about a solution that might be gravely mistaken.
当你被那些以同样方式思考的人所吸引时,你在集体智慧方面根本没有得到提升,而通过反映对方的观点,你对一个可能严重错误的解决方案变得更加自信。
This is why cognitive diversity is so important and i believe will become the key feature of competitive advantage for the next fifty years. But here's another thing it's not just a psychological problem, it's a conceptual one. Most research in the book i talked to one of the most eminent economic forecasters in the world, and he said if i truly believe that my model is the best one out there.
这就是为什么认知多样性如此重要,而且我相信它将成为未来50年竞争优势的关键特征。但还有一点,这不仅仅是一个心理问题,也是一个概念性问题。书中的大部分研究我和世界上最知名的经济预测师之一谈过,他说如果我真的相信我的模型是最好的模型。
Then by definition i should be working with people who think like me. That logic is extremely compelling, it is also spectacularly wrong.
那么根据定义,我应该和那些和我想法一样的人一起工作。这种逻辑非常有说服力,但也是惊人的错误。